Update docs to concur with $`,$&,$' changes

plus a couple of other pod tweaks.

Author: Father Chrysostomos

pod/perlre.pod

@@ -91,6 +91,9 @@ X</p> X<regex, preserve> X<regexp, preserve>
 Preserve the string matched such that ${^PREMATCH}, ${^MATCH}, and
 ${^POSTMATCH} are available for use after matching.
 
+In Perl 5.18 and higher this is ignored.  ${^PREMATCH}, ${^MATCH}, and
+${^POSTMATCH} will be available after the match regardless of the modifier.
+
 =item g and c
 X</g> X</c>
 
@@ -871,9 +874,11 @@ B<NOTE>: Failed matches in Perl do not reset the match variables,
 which makes it easier to write code that tests for a series of more
 specific cases and remembers the best match.
 
-B<WARNING>: Once Perl sees that you need one of C<$&>, C<$`>, or
+B<WARNING>: If your code is to run on Perl 5.16 or earlier,
+beware that once Perl sees that you need one of C<$&>, C<$`>, or
 C<$'> anywhere in the program, it has to provide them for every
-pattern match.  This may substantially slow your program.  Perl
+pattern match.  This may substantially slow your program.  (In Perl 5.18 a
+more efficient mechanism is used, eliminating any slowdown.)  Perl
 uses the same mechanism to produce C<$1>, C<$2>, etc, so you also pay a
 price for each pattern that contains capturing parentheses.  (To
 avoid this cost while retaining the grouping behaviour, use the
@@ -882,19 +887,17 @@ use C<$&>, C<$`> or C<$'>, then patterns I<without> capturing
 parentheses will not be penalized.  So avoid C<$&>, C<$'>, and C<$`>
 if you can, but if you can't (and some algorithms really appreciate
 them), once you've used them once, use them at will, because you've
-already paid the price.  As of 5.17.4, the presence of each of the three
-variables in a program is recorded separately, and depending on
-circumstances, perl may be able be more efficient knowing that only C<$&>
-rather than all three have been seen, for example.
+already paid the price. 
 X<$&> X<$`> X<$'>
 
-As a workaround for this problem, Perl 5.10.0 introduces C<${^PREMATCH}>,
+As a workaround for this problem, Perl 5.10.0 introduced C<${^PREMATCH}>,
 C<${^MATCH}> and C<${^POSTMATCH}>, which are equivalent to C<$`>, C<$&>
 and C<$'>, B<except> that they are only guaranteed to be defined after a
 successful match that was executed with the C</p> (preserve) modifier.
 The use of these variables incurs no global performance penalty, unlike
 their punctuation char equivalents, however at the trade-off that you
-have to tell perl when you want to use them.
+have to tell perl when you want to use them.  As of Perl 5.18, these three
+variables are equivalent to C<$`>, C<$&> and C<$'>, and C</p> is ignored.
 X</p> X<p modifier>
 
 =head2 Quoting metacharacters

pod/perlreref.pod

@@ -275,13 +275,15 @@ There is no quantifier C<{,n}>. That's interpreted as a literal string.
    ${^MATCH}      Entire matched string
    ${^POSTMATCH}  Everything after to matched string
 
+Note to those still using Perl 5.16 or earlier:
 The use of C<$`>, C<$&> or C<$'> will slow down B<all> regex use
-within your program. Consult L<perlvar> for C<@->
-to see equivalent expressions that won't cause slow down.
-See also L<Devel::SawAmpersand>. Starting with Perl 5.10, you
+within your program.  Consult L<perlvar> for C<@->
+to see equivalent expressions that won't cause slowdown.
+See also L<Devel::SawAmpersand>.  Starting with Perl 5.10, you
 can also use the equivalent variables C<${^PREMATCH}>, C<${^MATCH}>
 and C<${^POSTMATCH}>, but for them to be defined, you have to
 specify the C</p> (preserve) modifier on your regular expression.
+In Perl 5.18, the use of C<$`>, C<$&> and C<$'> makes no speed difference.
 
    $1, $2 ...  hold the Xth captured expr
    $+    Last parenthesized pattern match

pod/perlretut.pod

@@ -900,7 +900,10 @@ of the string after the match.  An example:
 
 In the second match, C<$`> equals C<''> because the regexp matched at the
 first character position in the string and stopped; it never saw the
-second 'the'.  It is important to note that using C<$`> and C<$'>
+second 'the'.
+
+If your code is to run on Perl versions earlier than
+5.18, it is worthwhile to note that using C<$`> and C<$'>
 slows down regexp matching quite a bit, while C<$&> slows it down to a
 lesser extent, because if they are used in one regexp in a program,
 they are generated for I<all> regexps in the program.  So if raw
@@ -913,8 +916,11 @@ C<@+> instead:
     $' is the same as substr( $x, $+[0] )
 
 As of Perl 5.10, the C<${^PREMATCH}>, C<${^MATCH}> and C<${^POSTMATCH}>
-variables may be used. These are only set if the C</p> modifier is present.
-Consequently they do not penalize the rest of the program.
+variables may be used.  These are only set if the C</p> modifier is
+present.  Consequently they do not penalize the rest of the program.  In
+Perl 5.18, C<${^PREMATCH}>, C<${^MATCH}> and C<${^POSTMATCH}> are available
+whether the C</p> has been used or not (the modifier is ignored), and
+C<$`>, C<$'> and C<$&> do not cause any speed difference.
 
 =head2 Non-capturing groupings
 

pod/perlvar.pod

@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ we have not made another match:
     $1 is Mutt; $2 is Jeff
     $1 is Wallace; $2 is Grommit
 
-Due to an unfortunate accident of Perl's implementation, C<use
+If you are using Perl v5.16 or earlier, note that C<use
 English> imposes a considerable performance penalty on all regular
 expression matches in a program because it uses the C<$`>, C<$&>, and
 C<$'>, regardless of whether they occur in the scope of C<use
@@ -797,6 +797,9 @@ Since Perl v5.10.0, you can use the C</p> match operator flag and the
 C<${^PREMATCH}>, C<${^MATCH}>, and C<${^POSTMATCH}> variables instead
 so you only suffer the performance penalties.
 
+If you are using Perl v5.18.0 or higher, you do not need to worry about
+this, as the three naughty variables are no longer naughty.
+
 =over 8
 
 =item $<I<digits>> ($1, $2, ...)
@@ -819,7 +822,8 @@ The string matched by the last successful pattern match (not counting
 any matches hidden within a BLOCK or C<eval()> enclosed by the current
 BLOCK).
 
-The use of this variable anywhere in a program imposes a considerable
+In Perl v5.16 and earlier, the use of this variable
+anywhere in a program imposes a considerable
 performance penalty on all regular expression matches.  To avoid this
 penalty, you can extract the same substring by using L</@->.  Starting
 with Perl v5.10.0, you can use the C</p> match flag and the C<${^MATCH}>
@@ -833,9 +837,11 @@ Mnemonic: like C<&> in some editors.
 X<${^MATCH}>
 
 This is similar to C<$&> (C<$MATCH>) except that it does not incur the
-performance penalty associated with that variable, and is only guaranteed
+performance penalty associated with that variable.
+In Perl v5.16 and earlier, it is only guaranteed
 to return a defined value when the pattern was compiled or executed with
-the C</p> modifier.
+the C</p> modifier.  In Perl v5.18, the C</p> modifier does nothing, so
+C<${^MATCH}> does the same thing as C<$MATCH>.
 
 This variable was added in Perl v5.10.0.
 
@@ -850,7 +856,8 @@ The string preceding whatever was matched by the last successful
 pattern match, not counting any matches hidden within a BLOCK or C<eval>
 enclosed by the current BLOCK.
 
-The use of this variable anywhere in a program imposes a considerable
+In Perl v5.16 and earlier, the use of this variable
+anywhere in a program imposes a considerable
 performance penalty on all regular expression matches.  To avoid this
 penalty, you can extract the same substring by using L</@->.  Starting
 with Perl v5.10.0, you can use the C</p> match flag and the
@@ -865,9 +872,11 @@ Mnemonic: C<`> often precedes a quoted string.
 X<$`> X<${^PREMATCH}>
 
 This is similar to C<$`> ($PREMATCH) except that it does not incur the
-performance penalty associated with that variable, and is only guaranteed
+performance penalty associated with that variable. 
+In Perl v5.16 and earlier, it is only guaranteed
 to return a defined value when the pattern was compiled or executed with
-the C</p> modifier.
+the C</p> modifier.  In Perl v5.18, the C</p> modifier does nothing, so
+C<${^PREMATCH}> does the same thing as C<$PREMATCH>.
 
 This variable was added in Perl v5.10.0
 
@@ -886,7 +895,8 @@ enclosed by the current BLOCK).  Example:
     /def/;
     print "$`:$&:$'\n";  	# prints abc:def:ghi
 
-The use of this variable anywhere in a program imposes a considerable
+In Perl v5.16 and earlier, the use of this variable
+anywhere in a program imposes a considerable
 performance penalty on all regular expression matches.
 To avoid this penalty, you can extract the same substring by
 using L</@->.  Starting with Perl v5.10.0, you can use the C</p> match flag
@@ -901,9 +911,11 @@ Mnemonic: C<'> often follows a quoted string.
 X<${^POSTMATCH}> X<$'> X<$POSTMATCH>
 
 This is similar to C<$'> (C<$POSTMATCH>) except that it does not incur the
-performance penalty associated with that variable, and is only guaranteed
+performance penalty associated with that variable.
+In Perl v5.16 and earlier, it is only guaranteed
 to return a defined value when the pattern was compiled or executed with
-the C</p> modifier.
+the C</p> modifier.  In Perl v5.18, the C</p> modifier does nothing, so
+C<${^POSTMATCH}> does the same thing as C<$POSTMATCH>.
 
 This variable was added in Perl v5.10.0.