build(docker): switch from pip to uv for package management

[jim60105]

This PR updates the Dockerfile by:

• Replacing pip installation with uv sync --frozen and deleted the requirements_linux_docker.txt file as it is no longer used. Fixed Error in Docker Container #3190.
• Modifying CMD to include the --noverify flag when launching. Our Dockerfile is designed for consistent operation and should not be updated over time to avoid the risk of future destruction. Fixed Docker image broken in v25.x.x version. Add --noverify in CMD (Dockerfile) #3172.
• Reduced the image size again and confirmed it can run on GitHub free runner. Issue introduced from PR Update CUDA and PyTorch configuration in Dockerfile #3195. This is also why this PR has to go into dev (not master) to avoid conflicts.
• Upgrade base image from Python 3.10 to Python 3.11 slim on Debian Bullseye.

I conducted a LoRA training for testing this PR (with Podman + Fedora)
as my knowledge is limited to LoRA on training😆

[bmaltais]

This look great! I will merge iT, nice PR!

[okingjo]

Still get error: error: Failed to inspect Python interpreter from search path at /usr/bin/python3, looks like the path for python is not set properly,
Got fixed temporarily with the follwoing:
FROM docker.io/library/python:3.10-slim-bullseye AS base instead of FROM docker.io/library/python:3.11-slim-bullseye AS base
add RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -U "uv>=0.5.24" && uv --version after COPY --from=ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:latest /uv /uvx /bin/
add --python /usr/local/bin/python3.10 --no-managed-python --no-python-downloads for uv sync in install dependencies

[jim60105]

@okingjo I have successfully built on the current dev branch.
https://github.com/jim60105/kohya_ss/actions/runs/15228159494/job/42832717750

It might be an issue with your platform.
Perhaps try to use docker build --no-cache to avoid build cache issues.