[BLD]: use uv in CI

[codetheweb]

Description of changes

Reduces Python setup time by >10x from 1-2m to 10s by replacing pip with uv (in pip compatibility mode) and removing an unnecessary apt step.

Test plan

How are these changes tested?

Workflows pass.

Documentation Changes

Are all docstrings for user-facing APIs updated if required? Do we need to make documentation changes in the docs section?

n/a

[github-actions]

Reviewer Checklist

Please leverage this checklist to ensure your code review is thorough before approving

Testing, Bugs, Errors, Logs, Documentation

• Can you think of any use case in which the code does not behave as intended? Have they been tested?
• Can you think of any inputs or external events that could break the code? Is user input validated and safe? Have they been tested?
• If appropriate, are there adequate property based tests?
• If appropriate, are there adequate unit tests?
• Should any logging, debugging, tracing information be added or removed?
• Are error messages user-friendly?
• Have all documentation changes needed been made?
• Have all non-obvious changes been commented?

System Compatibility

• Are there any potential impacts on other parts of the system or backward compatibility?
• Does this change intersect with any items on our roadmap, and if so, is there a plan for fitting them together?

Quality

• Is this code of a unexpectedly high quality (Readability, Modularity, Intuitiveness)

[propel-code-bot]

Switch CI Python Dependency Installation to uv for Faster Setup

This PR updates the GitHub Actions workflow by replacing pip with uv (run in pip compatibility mode) for Python dependency installation to significantly reduce setup time in CI jobs. It also removes unnecessary apt-get steps and pip cache config, using faster uv and Blacksmith actions where possible.

Key Changes:
• Replaces pip with uv for package installation (including requirements files and proto dependencies)
• Adds 'astral-sh/setup-uv' action with caching in the workflow
• Removes pip-specific cache and dependency-path parameters from Python setup actions
• Removes unnecessary apt-get update/install steps for Linux
• Changes pip uninstall to uv uninstall for proto dependencies

Affected Areas:
• .github/actions/python/action.yaml (CI workflow for Python dependency management)

This summary was automatically generated by @propel-code-bot

[eculver]

One suggestion but otherwise, LGTM! Nice find! Hopefully this improves the windows test time too.