feat(node): Ensure modulesIntegration works in more environments

[mydea]

Extracted out from #16565

I noticed that our modulesIntegration is pretty limited:

1. It does nothing on EMS
2. It does not work on Next.js (even though that is CJS)

This PR makes this a bit more robust (not perfect):

1. It generally now also tries to look at process.cwd() + 'package.json' and take the dependencies and devDependencies from there. this should generally work in esm apps now as well, at least at a basic level. You do not get all dependencies and versions may be ranges, but better than nothing.
2. For Next.js, we inject a modules list based off the package.json at build time, as we do not have proper access to this at runtime.

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size	% Change	Change
@sentry/browser	23.99 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser - with treeshaking flags	23.76 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing)	38.69 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay)	76.78 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - with treeshaking flags	69.87 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay with Canvas)	81.54 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	93.6 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback)	40.73 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. sendFeedback)	28.7 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. FeedbackAsync)	33.59 kB	-	-
@sentry/react	25.76 kB	-	-
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing)	40.67 kB	-	-
@sentry/vue	28.36 kB	-	-
@sentry/vue (incl. Tracing)	40.55 kB	-	-
@sentry/svelte	24.01 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle	25.48 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing)	38.77 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay)	74.64 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	80.1 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle - uncompressed	74.48 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing) - uncompressed	114.89 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay) - uncompressed	228.86 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback) - uncompressed	241.69 kB	-	-
@sentry/nextjs (client)	42.33 kB	-	-
@sentry/sveltekit (client)	39.17 kB	-	-
@sentry/node	150.5 kB	+0.02%	+25 B 🔺
@sentry/node - without tracing	98.38 kB	+0.04%	+31 B 🔺
@sentry/aws-serverless	124.14 kB	+0.03%	+33 B 🔺

View base workflow run

[Lms24]

l/maybe something to follow up on in the future: Would be cool to add some kind of flag to differ between dependencies and devDependencies. Doesn't have to happen now of course

[AbhiPrasad]

There's probably a bunch of edge cases here with monorepos and mixed esm/cjs environments that we don't account for, but I think this is a good starting point.