net: go DNS resolver fails to connect to local DNS server [1.22 backport]

@ianlancetaylor requested issue #67925 to be considered for backport to the next 1.22 minor release.

> @gopherbot Please open backport issues.
> 
> The Go DNS resolver doesn't work with at least one DNS server that apparently does not handle EDNS0 additional headers correctly.  The fix is to add a new GODEBUG setting.  Requesting a backport to add the GODEBUG setting to earlier releases.
