Bump go to 1.24

[hzxuzhonghu]

What type of PR is this?

/kind enhancement

What this PR does / why we need it:

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?:

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[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR bumps the Go version used in the project from 1.23 to 1.24. The changes update the Go version in the Docker build configuration and several GitHub workflow files for release and end-to-end test pipelines.

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 9 out of 9 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
build/docker/builder.dockerfile	Updated the base Go image to 1.24.3 from Go 1.23
.github/workflows/release.yml	Bumped the Go version to 1.24 in the release pipeline
.github/workflows/main.yml	Bumped the Go version to 1.24 in the main workflow
.github/workflows/e2e-istio-1.25.yml	Bumped the Go version to 1.24 in the e2e-istio workflow
.github/workflows/e2e-istio-1.24.yml	Bumped the Go version to 1.24 in the e2e-istio workflow
.github/workflows/e2e-istio-1.23.yml	Bumped the Go version to 1.24 in the e2e-istio workflow
.github/workflows/e2e-ipv6-istio-1.25.yml	Bumped the Go version to 1.24 in the e2e IPv6 workflow
.github/workflows/e2e-ipv6-istio-1.24.yml	Bumped the Go version to 1.24 in the e2e IPv6 workflow
.github/workflows/e2e-ipv6-istio-1.23.yml	Bumped the Go version to 1.24 in the e2e IPv6 workflow

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 46.43%. Comparing base (2ac88da) to head (23c2541).
Report is 7 commits behind head on main.

see 2 files with indirect coverage changes

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