core: deprecate problematic dict() method

[cbornet]

dict() is a problematic method name as it clashes with the builtin dict used as a type annotation.
This PR replaces it with an asdict method (inspired by dataclasses).
It also fixes a few places where dict must be replaced by typing.Dict until the dict() method is removed.

[vercel]

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1 Skipped Deployment

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[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed WallTime Performance Report

Merging #31685 will not alter performance

_{Comparing cbornet:typing-dict (a47e5a0) with master (7ff4050)}

⚠️ Unknown Walltime execution environment detected

Using the Walltime instrument on standard Hosted Runners will lead to inconsistent data.

For the most accurate results, we recommend using CodSpeed Macro Runners: bare-metal machines fine-tuned for performance measurement consistency.

Summary

✅ 13 untouched benchmarks

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Instrumentation Performance Report

Merging #31685 will not alter performance

_{Comparing cbornet:typing-dict (a47e5a0) with master (7ff4050)}

Summary

✅ 13 untouched benchmarks

[eyurtsev]

We could merge as part of the 0.4 release. Unclear yet whether this change should be made -- better not to clash with a built in for new code, but for existing code this would be weighed from a cost benefit analysis to end users