This is my hugo + golang runtime container. I use it for development (hugo server) and builds (not to serve a web site).
You need to mount a volume for your hugo site. And another for the output if use it to build.
docker build -t my-hugo-docker .
docker run --rm -v /path/to/output:/output -v /path/to/root/hugo/site/:/site my-hugo-docker --destination /output --baseURL https://base.url/
You can mount your output as you want, it's not hardcoded. Output is not required if you use it to serve for devleppement.
A simple run without arg will return hugo --help
.