Open
Description
System information
| Type | Version/Name |
|---|---|
| Distribution Name | Ubuntu |
| Distribution Version | 24.04 |
| Kernel Version | 6.8.0-56-generic |
| Architecture | x86_64 |
| OpenZFS Version | 2.2.2-0ubuntu9.1 |
Describe the problem you're observing
Relatively new Ubuntu install, with root on ZFS (following the guide). I've configured a few lxc containers and not much else. The rpool/ROOT dataset is on a 3-drive raidz1 and has a single snapshot fresh-install (taken shortly after the system was installed).
I checked out the zfs-2.3.1 branch to compile from source and upgrade from noble's stock 2.2.2, following the standard steps listed here. No special flags, just building the native deb-based DKMS packages. Everything compiled successfully and I then ran sudo apt-get install --fix-missing ./*.deb to install the resulting packages (after rm'ing the dracut package).
The install got most of the way through and then my entire system softlocked when apt was configuring mdadm. I was able to use ssh to issue some troubleshooting commands and noticed the 1min load avg around 2500 (!) and thousands of kworker/events_unbound threads all with a mount child process. Examining further shows ls /.zfs/snapshot/fresh-install/etc (run as part of mdadm.postinst configure -> grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg -> /etc/grub.d/10_linux_zfs) is blocking and likely triggered the issue.
After waiting for some time, I rebooted the system (userland zfs had seemingly updated successfully, but the host was still using the older 2.2.2 kernel module) and ran sudo dpkg --configure -a to finish the upgrade (and see if the issue reoccurred). The system then softlocked again at the same configuration step which eventually calls ls /.zfs/snapshot/fresh-install/etc. After rebooting once more, zfs version now shows:
zfs-2.3.1-1
zfs-kmod-2.3.1-1
and manually running ls /.zfs/snapshot/fresh-install/etc causes no issues (likely because the system is no longer on 2.2.2).
Based on the stack below zpl_snapdir_automount seems involved and overall my experience seems very similar to #6154 but I'm not familiar enough to troubleshoot further (and possibly related to #13327 as well).
Describe how to reproduce the problem
Reproduced once after rebooting and dpkg re-ran /usr/bin/perl /usr/share/debconf/frontend /var/lib/dpkg/info/mdadm.postinst configure which triggered /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg -> /etc/grub.d/10_linux_zfs and eventually ls /.zfs/snapshot/fresh-install/etc. Haven't yet tried to repro on a fresh install again.
Include any warning/errors/backtraces from the system logs
thousands of kworker/mount processes:
$ ps auxf | grep events_unbound | wc -l
3281
ps auxf of kworker/mount:
<snip>
root 704547 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 17:21 0:00 \_ [kworker/u48:327+events_unbound]
root 704552 0.0 0.0 4060 1536 ? S 17:21 0:00 | \_ mount -t zfs -n rpool/ROOT/ubuntu@fresh-install /.zfs/snapshot/fresh-install
root 704553 0.0 0.0 12372 4224 ? D 17:21 0:00 | \_ /sbin/mount.zfs rpool/ROOT/ubuntu@fresh-install /.zfs/snapshot/fresh-install -n -o rw
root 704551 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 17:21 0:00 \_ [kworker/u48:327+events_unbound]
root 704555 0.0 0.0 4060 1728 ? S 17:21 0:00 | \_ mount -t zfs -n rpool/ROOT/ubuntu@fresh-install /.zfs/snapshot/fresh-install
root 704556 0.0 0.0 12372 4416 ? D 17:21 0:00 | \_ /sbin/mount.zfs rpool/ROOT/ubuntu@fresh-install /.zfs/snapshot/fresh-install -n -o rw
root 704554 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 17:21 0:00 \_ [kworker/u48:328+events_unbound]
root 704558 0.0 0.0 4060 1728 ? S 17:21 0:00 | \_ mount -t zfs -n rpool/ROOT/ubuntu@fresh-install /.zfs/snapshot/fresh-install
root 704559 0.0 0.0 12372 4416 ? D 17:21 0:00 | \_ /sbin/mount.zfs rpool/ROOT/ubuntu@fresh-install /.zfs/snapshot/fresh-install -n -o rw
<snip>
ps auxf snippet of apt install:
ericz 503707 0.0 0.0 9004 4032 pts/4 Ss 16:52 0:00 \_ /bin/bash
root 677513 0.0 0.0 16732 5184 pts/4 S+ 17:20 0:00 | \_ sudo apt-get install --fix-missing ./openzfs-libnvpair3_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libpam-zfs_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libuutil3_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libzfs6_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libzfsbootenv1_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libzfs-dev_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libzpool6_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-python3-pyzfs_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-pyzfs-doc_2.3.1-1_all.deb ./openzfs-zfs-dkms_2.3.1-1_all.deb ./openzfs-zfs-initramfs_2.3.1-1_all.deb ./openzfs-zfs-test_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-zfsutils_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-zfs-zed_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb
root 677514 0.0 0.0 16732 2156 pts/5 Ss 17:20 0:00 | \_ sudo apt-get install --fix-missing ./openzfs-libnvpair3_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libpam-zfs_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libuutil3_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libzfs6_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libzfsbootenv1_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libzfs-dev_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libzpool6_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-python3-pyzfs_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-pyzfs-doc_2.3.1-1_all.deb ./openzfs-zfs-dkms_2.3.1-1_all.deb ./openzfs-zfs-initramfs_2.3.1-1_all.deb ./openzfs-zfs-test_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-zfsutils_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-zfs-zed_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb
root 677515 0.1 0.1 99816 79224 pts/5 S+ 17:20 0:03 | \_ apt-get install --fix-missing ./openzfs-libnvpair3_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libpam-zfs_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libuutil3_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libzfs6_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libzfsbootenv1_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libzfs-dev_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-libzpool6_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-python3-pyzfs_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-pyzfs-doc_2.3.1-1_all.deb ./openzfs-zfs-dkms_2.3.1-1_all.deb ./openzfs-zfs-initramfs_2.3.1-1_all.deb ./openzfs-zfs-test_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-zfsutils_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb ./openzfs-zfs-zed_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb
root 678429 0.0 0.0 11700 4772 pts/6 Ss+ 17:20 0:00 | \_ /usr/bin/dpkg --status-fd 44 --configure --pending
root 694277 0.0 0.0 24068 16320 pts/6 S+ 17:21 0:00 | \_ /usr/bin/perl /usr/share/debconf/frontend /var/lib/dpkg/info/mdadm.postinst configure
root 694292 0.0 0.0 2800 1152 pts/6 S+ 17:21 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh /var/lib/dpkg/info/mdadm.postinst configure
root 694355 0.0 0.0 2800 1344 pts/6 S+ 17:21 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
root 694449 0.0 0.0 2932 1152 pts/6 S+ 17:21 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh /etc/grub.d/10_linux_zfs
root 694481 0.0 0.0 2932 800 pts/6 S+ 17:21 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh /etc/grub.d/10_linux_zfs
root 694571 0.0 0.0 2932 800 pts/6 S+ 17:21 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh /etc/grub.d/10_linux_zfs
root 694573 0.0 0.0 2932 800 pts/6 S+ 17:21 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh /etc/grub.d/10_linux_zfs
root 694581 0.0 0.0 2932 800 pts/6 S+ 17:21 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh /etc/grub.d/10_linux_zfs
root 694598 0.0 0.0 6592 1344 pts/6 D+ 17:21 0:00 | \_ ls /.zfs/snapshot/fresh-install/etc
ps auxf of dpkg --configure -a:
ericz 5013 0.0 0.0 8652 4032 pts/3 Ss 18:07 0:00 \_ /bin/bash
root 5382 0.0 0.0 16724 5376 pts/3 S+ 18:08 0:00 | \_ sudo dpkg --configure -a
root 5383 0.0 0.0 16724 2152 pts/5 Ss 18:08 0:00 | \_ sudo dpkg --configure -a
root 5384 0.1 0.0 11824 4580 pts/5 S+ 18:08 0:00 | \_ dpkg --configure -a
root 5955 0.2 0.0 24096 15936 pts/5 S+ 18:08 0:00 | \_ /usr/bin/perl /usr/share/debconf/frontend /var/lib/dpkg/info/mdadm.postinst configure
root 5970 0.0 0.0 2800 1152 pts/5 S+ 18:08 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh /var/lib/dpkg/info/mdadm.postinst configure
root 6018 0.0 0.0 2800 1344 pts/5 S+ 18:08 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
root 6237 0.0 0.0 2932 1152 pts/5 S+ 18:08 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh /etc/grub.d/10_linux_zfs
root 6278 0.0 0.0 2932 800 pts/5 S+ 18:08 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh /etc/grub.d/10_linux_zfs
root 6367 0.0 0.0 2932 608 pts/5 S+ 18:08 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh /etc/grub.d/10_linux_zfs
root 6369 0.0 0.0 2932 800 pts/5 S+ 18:08 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh /etc/grub.d/10_linux_zfs
root 6377 0.0 0.0 2932 608 pts/5 S+ 18:08 0:00 | \_ /bin/sh /etc/grub.d/10_linux_zfs
root 6394 0.0 0.0 6592 1344 pts/5 D+ 18:08 0:00 | \_ ls /.zfs/snapshot/fresh-install/etc
hung_task_timeout_secs output for ls:
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803083-07:00 computer-name kernel: INFO: task ls:694598 blocked for more than 122 seconds.
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803084-07:00 computer-name kernel: Tainted: P O 6.8.0-56-generic #58-Ubuntu
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803085-07:00 computer-name kernel: "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803086-07:00 computer-name kernel: task:ls state:D stack:0 pid:694598 tgid:694598 ppid:694581 flags:0x00000002
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803087-07:00 computer-name kernel: Call Trace:
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803088-07:00 computer-name kernel: <TASK>
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803089-07:00 computer-name kernel: __schedule+0x27c/0x6b0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803089-07:00 computer-name kernel: schedule+0x33/0x110
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803090-07:00 computer-name kernel: schedule_timeout+0x157/0x170
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803091-07:00 computer-name kernel: wait_for_completion_state+0x146/0x1f0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803092-07:00 computer-name kernel: call_usermodehelper_exec+0x183/0x1c0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803093-07:00 computer-name kernel: call_usermodehelper+0xc2/0xe0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803093-07:00 computer-name kernel: zfsctl_snapshot_mount+0x1d7/0x370 [zfs]
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803873-07:00 computer-name kernel: zpl_snapdir_automount+0x10/0x40 [zfs]
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803895-07:00 computer-name kernel: __traverse_mounts+0x8c/0x220
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803897-07:00 computer-name kernel: step_into+0x23f/0x390
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803898-07:00 computer-name kernel: walk_component+0x51/0x190
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803899-07:00 computer-name kernel: link_path_walk.part.0.constprop.0+0x2a9/0x3c0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803904-07:00 computer-name kernel: ? path_init+0x29b/0x3d0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803905-07:00 computer-name kernel: path_lookupat+0x3e/0x1b0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803906-07:00 computer-name kernel: filename_lookup+0xe4/0x200
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803907-07:00 computer-name kernel: vfs_statx+0x95/0x1d0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803907-07:00 computer-name kernel: do_statx+0x64/0xb0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803908-07:00 computer-name kernel: __x64_sys_statx+0x67/0x90
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803910-07:00 computer-name kernel: x64_sys_call+0x2235/0x25a0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803910-07:00 computer-name kernel: do_syscall_64+0x7f/0x180
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803911-07:00 computer-name kernel: ? do_user_addr_fault+0x333/0x670
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803912-07:00 computer-name kernel: ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0x7b/0x260
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803913-07:00 computer-name kernel: ? irqentry_exit+0x43/0x50
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803914-07:00 computer-name kernel: ? exc_page_fault+0x94/0x1b0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803915-07:00 computer-name kernel: entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0x80
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803916-07:00 computer-name kernel: RIP: 0033:0x72502b5a7f1e
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803917-07:00 computer-name kernel: RSP: 002b:00007fffada0b5b8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000014c
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803918-07:00 computer-name kernel: RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00005f8c1b840b28 RCX: 000072502b5a7f1e
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803919-07:00 computer-name kernel: RDX: 0000000000000800 RSI: 00007fffada0d152 RDI: 00000000ffffff9c
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803921-07:00 computer-name kernel: RBP: 00007fffada0b6e0 R08: 00007fffada0b5c0 R09: 0000000000000000
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803922-07:00 computer-name kernel: R10: 0000000000000002 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000002
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803923-07:00 computer-name kernel: R13: 000000000000002f R14: 00007fffada0bc88 R15: 00005f8c1b840b10
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803924-07:00 computer-name kernel: </TASK>
hung_task_timeout_secs output for mount.zfs:
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803925-07:00 computer-name kernel: INFO: task mount.zfs:694600 blocked for more than 122 seconds.
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803926-07:00 computer-name kernel: Tainted: P O 6.8.0-56-generic #58-Ubuntu
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803927-07:00 computer-name kernel: "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803929-07:00 computer-name kernel: task:mount.zfs state:D stack:0 pid:694600 tgid:694600 ppid:694599 flags:0x00000002 2025-03-27T17:25:04.803929-07:00 computer-name kernel: Call Trace:
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803937-07:00 computer-name kernel: <TASK>
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803965-07:00 computer-name kernel: __schedule+0x27c/0x6b0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803967-07:00 computer-name kernel: schedule+0x33/0x110
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803968-07:00 computer-name kernel: schedule_timeout+0x157/0x170
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803969-07:00 computer-name kernel: wait_for_completion_state+0x146/0x1f0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803970-07:00 computer-name kernel: call_usermodehelper_exec+0x183/0x1c0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803971-07:00 computer-name kernel: call_usermodehelper+0xc2/0xe0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.803972-07:00 computer-name kernel: zfsctl_snapshot_mount+0x1d7/0x370 [zfs]
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804750-07:00 computer-name kernel: zpl_snapdir_automount+0x10/0x40 [zfs]
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804771-07:00 computer-name kernel: __traverse_mounts+0x8c/0x220
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804773-07:00 computer-name kernel: step_into+0x23f/0x390
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804774-07:00 computer-name kernel: walk_component+0x51/0x190
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804775-07:00 computer-name kernel: path_lookupat+0x6a/0x1b0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804775-07:00 computer-name kernel: filename_lookup+0xe4/0x200
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804778-07:00 computer-name kernel: user_path_at_empty+0x3e/0x70
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804779-07:00 computer-name kernel: user_statfs+0x58/0xe0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804780-07:00 computer-name kernel: __do_sys_statfs+0x3d/0x80
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804781-07:00 computer-name kernel: __x64_sys_statfs+0x16/0x20
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804782-07:00 computer-name kernel: x64_sys_call+0xa3e/0x25a0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804783-07:00 computer-name kernel: do_syscall_64+0x7f/0x180
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804784-07:00 computer-name kernel: ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0x39/0x80
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804785-07:00 computer-name kernel: ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x86/0x260
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804786-07:00 computer-name kernel: ? do_syscall_64+0x8c/0x180
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804787-07:00 computer-name kernel: ? irqentry_exit+0x43/0x50
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804788-07:00 computer-name kernel: ? exc_page_fault+0x94/0x1b0
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804789-07:00 computer-name kernel: entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0x80
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804790-07:00 computer-name kernel: RIP: 0033:0x74683359fbeb
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804791-07:00 computer-name kernel: RSP: 002b:00007fff9d8fe488 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000089
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804792-07:00 computer-name kernel: RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000616b70d24cb0 RCX: 000074683359fbeb
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804793-07:00 computer-name kernel: RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007fff9d8ff670 RDI: 00007fff9d904800
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804794-07:00 computer-name kernel: RBP: 00007fff9d9036d0 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804795-07:00 computer-name kernel: R10: 0000000000000100 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007fff9d8fe660
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804796-07:00 computer-name kernel: R13: 00007fff9d904800 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000616b70d1a300
2025-03-27T17:25:04.804797-07:00 computer-name kernel: </TASK>
stack trace from a kworker thread & mount child process:
cat /proc/704542/stack # kworker
[<0>] do_wait+0x5c/0x110
[<0>] kernel_wait+0x4b/0xa0
[<0>] call_usermodehelper_exec_work+0x76/0xd0
[<0>] process_one_work+0x175/0x350
[<0>] worker_thread+0x306/0x440
[<0>] kthread+0xef/0x120
[<0>] ret_from_fork+0x44/0x70
[<0>] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30
cat /proc/704548/stack # mount.zfs
[<0>] call_usermodehelper_exec+0x183/0x1c0
[<0>] call_usermodehelper+0xc2/0xe0
[<0>] zfsctl_snapshot_mount+0x1d7/0x370 [zfs]
[<0>] zpl_snapdir_automount+0x10/0x40 [zfs]
[<0>] __traverse_mounts+0x8c/0x220
[<0>] step_into+0x23f/0x390
[<0>] walk_component+0x51/0x190
[<0>] path_lookupat+0x6a/0x1b0
[<0>] filename_lookup+0xe4/0x200
[<0>] user_path_at_empty+0x3e/0x70
[<0>] user_statfs+0x58/0xe0
[<0>] __do_sys_statfs+0x3d/0x80
[<0>] __x64_sys_statfs+0x16/0x20
[<0>] x64_sys_call+0xa3e/0x25a0
[<0>] do_syscall_64+0x7f/0x180
[<0>] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0x80
dpkg.log:
<snip>
2025-03-27 17:21:34 configure openzfs-libnvpair3:amd64 2.3.1-1 <none>
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status unpacked openzfs-libnvpair3:amd64 2.3.1-1
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status half-configured openzfs-libnvpair3:amd64 2.3.1-1
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status installed openzfs-libnvpair3:amd64 2.3.1-1
2025-03-27 17:21:34 configure ksh93u+m:amd64 1.0.8-1 <none>
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status unpacked ksh93u+m:amd64 1.0.8-1
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status half-configured ksh93u+m:amd64 1.0.8-1
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status installed ksh93u+m:amd64 1.0.8-1
2025-03-27 17:21:34 configure keyutils:amd64 1.6.3-3build1 <none>
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status unpacked keyutils:amd64 1.6.3-3build1
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status half-configured keyutils:amd64 1.6.3-3build1
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status installed keyutils:amd64 1.6.3-3build1
2025-03-27 17:21:34 configure ksh:all 20240113 <none>
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status unpacked ksh:all 20240113
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status half-configured ksh:all 20240113
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status installed ksh:all 20240113
2025-03-27 17:21:34 configure libevent-core-2.1-7t64:amd64 2.1.12-stable-9ubuntu2 <none>
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status unpacked libevent-core-2.1-7t64:amd64 2.1.12-stable-9ubuntu2
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status half-configured libevent-core-2.1-7t64:amd64 2.1.12-stable-9ubuntu2
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status installed libevent-core-2.1-7t64:amd64 2.1.12-stable-9ubuntu2
2025-03-27 17:21:34 configure mdadm:amd64 4.3-1ubuntu2.1 <none>
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status unpacked mdadm:amd64 4.3-1ubuntu2.1
2025-03-27 17:21:34 status half-configured mdadm:amd64 4.3-1ubuntu2.1
iostat -x showing low load:
iostat -x
Linux 6.8.0-56-generic (computer-name) 03/27/2025 _x86_64_ (24 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.44 0.00 0.26 0.03 0.00 99.27
Device r/s rkB/s rrqm/s %rrqm r_await rareq-sz w/s wkB/s wrqm/s %wrqm w_await wareq-sz d/s dkB/s drqm/s %drqm d_await dareq-sz f/s f_await aqu-sz %util
nvme0n1 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.25 19.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
sda 0.20 4.06 0.00 0.01 0.20 19.86 17.73 339.12 0.04 0.25 0.42 19.12 0.38 173.98 0.00 0.00 0.42 453.23 1.30 1.31 0.01 0.40
sdb 0.20 4.33 0.00 0.02 0.21 21.17 17.72 339.16 0.04 0.24 0.42 19.14 0.39 173.98 0.00 0.00 0.41 451.86 1.30 1.30 0.01 0.39
sdc 0.21 4.56 0.09 30.44 0.21 22.04 17.76 339.17 0.04 0.24 0.38 19.10 0.38 173.97 0.00 0.00 0.43 453.15 1.30 0.71 0.01 0.32